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| {{Documentation subpage}} | | <!-- |
| <includeonly>{{High-risk|2,000,000+}}</includeonly> | | Automatically add {{template sandbox notice}} when on a /sandbox page. |
| {{Ombox | type=notice | text = Columns are currently supported only by newer versions of [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based browsers (such as [[Mozilla Firefox]]) and [[WebKit]]-based browsers (such as [[Google Chrome]] and [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]). '''All versions of [[Internet Explorer]] through to version 9 and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] through to version 11 do not support columns.''' See [[#Browser support for columns|below]] for more information.}} | | -->{{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox |
| | | <div style="clear: both;"></div>{{template sandbox notice}} |
| | }}<!-- |
| | Automatically add {{pp-template}} to protected templates. |
| | -->{{template other |
| | | {{#ifeq: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} | sysop |
| | | {{pp-template|docusage=yes}} |
| | | {{#if: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |
| | | {{pp-template|docusage=yes}} |
| | | <!--Not protected, or only semi-move-protected--> |
| | }} |
| | }} |
| | }}<!-- |
| | Start of green doc box. |
| | -->{{documentation/start box2 |
| | | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> |
| | | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> |
| | | heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}} |
| | | content = {{{content|}}} |
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| This template encapsulates the {{tag|references |single}} tag to show the list of references defined by {{tag|ref}} tags, with some formatting. It reduces the font size and has options for columns and groups. References can be defined within the body of the article or within the reference list.
| | <!--Some namespaces must have the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases |
| | in talk space--> |
| | | docspace = {{documentation/docspace}} |
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| The {{tag|ref}} and {{tag|references |single}} tags are part of the [[mw:Extension:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]] MediaWiki extension.
| | | 1 = {{{1|}}} <!--Other docname, if fed--> |
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| |
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| ==Usage==
| | <!--The namespace is added in /start box2--> |
| ;Using only footnote-style references
| | | template page = {{documentation/template page}} |
| <pre>
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| ==Content== | |
| Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
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| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
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|
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| ==References==
| | }}<!-- Start content --><!-- |
| | | Start load the /doc content: |
| {{Reflist}}
| | Note: The line breaks between this comment and the next line are necessary |
| </pre> | | so "=== Headings ===" at the start and end of docs are interpreted. |
| | | --> |
| ;Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text)
| | {{#switch: {{#if:{{{content|}}}|1|0}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}|1|0}}{{#ifexist:{{{1|}}}|1|0}}{{#ifexist:{{documentation/docspace}}:{{documentation/template page}}/doc|1|0}} |
| <pre>
| | | 1000 | 1001 | 1010 | 1011 | 1100 | 1101 | 1110 |
| | | | 1111 = {{{content|}}} |
| ==Content== | | | 0110 | 0111 = {{ {{{1}}} }} |
| Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
| | | 0001 | 0011 = {{ {{documentation/docspace}}:{{documentation/template page}}/doc }} |
| | | | 0000 | 0100 | 0010 | 0101 = |
| ==References== | |
| {{Refbegin}}
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| * reference 1
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| * reference 2
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| {{Refend}}
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| </pre>
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| | |
| ;Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references
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| <pre>
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| ==References==
| |
| | |
| {{Reflist}} | |
| | |
| {{Refbegin}} | |
| * reference 1
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| * reference 2
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| {{Refend}} | |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ===Columns===
| |
| | |
| Using {{tlx|Reflist|2}} will create a two-column reference list, and {{tlx|Reflist|3}} will create a three-column list, and so on. Choose the number of columns that is appropriate for the average width of the references on the page.
| |
| | |
| Using {{tlx|Reflist|30em}} will create columns with a minimum width of 30 [[Em (typography)|em]], allowing the browser to automatically choose the number of columns based on the width of the web browser. Choose a column width that is appropriate for the average width of the references on the page.
| |
| | |
| Columns are currently supported only by [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based browsers (such as [[Mozilla Firefox]]) and [[WebKit]]-based browsers (such as [[Google Chrome]] and [[Safari (browser)|Safari]]). See [[#Browser support for columns|below]] for more information.
| |
| | |
| The use of columns can result in [[widows and orphans]], where a citation at the bottom of a column may be split to the top of the next column. There are CSS3 selectors that could resolve this, but they are not yet supported by any major browsers.
| |
| | |
| See also [[#groupandcolumn|bug combining grouped references and columns]].
| |
| | |
| ===List styles===
| |
| {{main|Help:Cite link labels}} | |
| | |
| Reference lists are by default numbered lists. By using the {{para|liststyle}} parameter, you can control how the list is rendered. For example, using {{para|liststyle|upper-roman}} will result in items being prefixed with [[roman numerals]] instead of decimal numbers. The parameter accepts any valid CSS value defined for <code>list-style-type</code> as shown below.
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| | |
| The citations in the reference list will show the default decimal styling if:
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| * The value for {{para|liststyle}} does not exactly match one of the predefined values
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| * The value for {{para|liststyle}} is enclosed by quotes
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| * {{tl|Reflist}} is indented with the : markup
| |
| | |
| {{CSS list-style-type values}} | |
| | |
| ===Multiple uses===
| |
| {{see|Help:Footnotes#Multiple reference lists}} | |
| | |
| If {{tl|Reflist}} is used multiple times without a parameter, each instance will include all of the previously defined references. To force the parser to close previous references, each use of {{tl|Reflist}} must be forced as a new instance by the use of any parameter. If no parameter is desired, the convention is to use the undefined parameter {{tlx|Reflist|close=1}}.
| |
| | |
| ===List-defined references===
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| {{see|WP:List-defined references}}
| |
| | |
| A list of references may be defined within {{tl|Reflist}} using the {{para|refs}} parameter, just like including named <nowiki><ref name=". . ."></nowiki> elements inside the <nowiki><references></nowiki> container. This has been available since September 2009. There are new error messages associated with this feature, documented at [[Help:Cite errors]], including one for references defined in {{tl|Reflist}} but not used within the body.
| |
| | |
| ====Example====
| |
| | |
| <pre>
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| This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" />
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| This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" />
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| | |
| {{Reflist|refs=
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| <ref name="refname1">content1</ref>
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| <ref name="refname2">content2</ref>
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| }} | |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ====Result====
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| | |
| This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" group="LDR"/>
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| This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" group="LDR"/>
| |
| | |
| {{Reflist|group="LDR"|refs=
| |
| <ref name="refname1">content1</ref>
| |
| <ref name="refname2">content2</ref>
| |
| }} | | }} |
| | <!-- |
| | End load the /doc content: |
| | Note: The line breaks between this comment and the previous line are necessary |
| | so "=== Headings ===" at the start and end of docs are interpreted. |
| | -->{{documentation/end box2 |
| | | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> |
| | | content = {{{content|}}} |
| | | link box = {{{link box|}}} <!--So "link box=off" works--> |
|
| |
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| The LDR group text is to avoid conflicts with other groups of references in this documentation and would not be present in real use.
| | <!--Some namespaces must have the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases |
| | | in talk space--> |
| ===Grouped references===
| | | docspace = {{documentation/docspace}} |
| | |
| As of June 2008, the footnotes system supports the separation of references into groups. This allows groups for explanatory notes, table references and the like. See [[WP:REFGROUP]].
| |
| | |
| The general format for the reference tag is:
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| | |
| :{{tag|ref|open|params=group=''"groupname"''}}
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| | |
| And using {{para|group}} for the reflist:
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| :{{tlx|Reflist|2=group=''"groupname"''}}
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| | |
| :Where ''groupname'' would be a group identifier such as "note", "nb" or "label".
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| | |
| There are three pre-defined group names that will automatically cause the link labels and this template to display other characters instead of numbers (see [[#List styles|List styles]] above). These are: "lower-alpha" (a, b, c...), "lower-greek" (α, β, γ...) and "lower-roman" (i, ii, iii...) and must be written without quotes.
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| | |
| See also [[#groupandcolumn|bug combining grouped references and columns]].
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| | |
| ==Font size==
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| | |
| The font size should reduce to 90% for most browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for Internet Explorer and possibly other browsers.<ref name=fontsize/> As of December 21, 2010, the standard {{tag|references|single}} tag has the same font styling. The smaller font may be disabled through [[Special:Preferences]] → Gadgets → Disable smaller font sizes of elements such as Infoboxes, Navboxes and References lists.
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| | |
| ==Technical details==
| |
| | |
| ===Browser support for columns===
| |
| | |
| {{shortcut|WP:REFCOLS}}
| |
| | |
| {{CSS3 multiple column layout}}
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| | |
| Multiple columns are generated by using [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS3]], which is still in development; thus only browsers that properly support the multi-column property will show multiple columns with {{tl|Reflist}}.<ref name="stuffandnonsense" /><ref name="w3org1" />
| |
| | |
| These browsers '''support''' CSS3 columns:
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| * [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based browsers such as [[Mozilla Firefox]]
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| * [[WebKit]]-based browsers such as [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] and [[Google Chrome]]
| |
| * [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] from version 11.10 onward
| |
| * [[Internet Explorer]] 10 Platform Preview
| |
| | |
| These browsers do '''not support''' CSS3 columns:
| |
| * Microsoft [[Trident (layout engine)|Trident]]-based browsers including Internet Explorer through to version 9<ref name=msdn />
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| * [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] through to version 11
| |
| | |
| ===Supporting CSS===
| |
| | |
| {{tl|Reflist}} uses a CSS rule in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] to set the font size:
| |
| * <code>div.reflist { font-size: 90%; }</code>
| |
| | |
| One of the following classes is assigned by the template when either column count or column width is set:
| |
| * <code>.references-column-count</code> and <code>.references-column-count-''n''</code> (where <code>''n''</code> is the number of columns)
| |
| * <code>.references-column-width</code>
| |
| | |
| The following CSS properties are utilized using the {{tl|column-count}} and {{tl|column-width}} templates:
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| * <code>column-count</code> CSS3 standard
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| * <code>column-width</code> CSS3 standard
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| * <code>-moz-column-count</code> Mozilla CSS extension
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| * <code>-moz-column-width</code> Mozilla CSS extension
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| * <code>-webkit-column-count</code> Webkit CSS extension
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| * <code>-webkit-column-width</code> Webkit CSS extension
| |
| | |
| ===Customizing the view=== | |
| | |
| {{see|Help:Reference display customization}} | |
| | |
| By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. From [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]], select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. See [[Wikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users)]] for more help.
| |
| | |
| ;Font size
| |
| The font size for all reference lists defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add:
| |
| | |
| <source lang="css">
| |
| ol.references,
| |
| div.reflist,
| |
| div.refbegin {
| |
| font-size: 90%;
| |
| }
| |
| </source>
| |
| | |
| Change 90% to the desired size.
| |
| | |
| ;Columns
| |
| To disable columns, add:
| |
| | |
| <source lang="css">
| |
| .references-column-count, .references-column-width {
| |
| column-count: 1 !important;
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| column-width: auto !important;
| |
| -moz-column-count: 1 !important;
| |
| -moz-column-width: auto !important;
| |
| -webkit-column-count: 1 !important;
| |
| -webkit-column-width: auto !important;
| |
| }
| |
| </source>
| |
| | |
| Similarly, to force all reference lists to a number of columns, change the number.
| |
| | |
| ;Column dividers
| |
| To add dividers (rules) between columns, add:
| |
| | |
| <source lang="css">
| |
| .references-column-count, .references-column-width {
| |
| column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
| |
| -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
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| -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
| |
| }
| |
| </source>
| |
| | |
| You can alter the appearance of the dividers by changing the values.
| |
| | |
| ===Bugs===
| |
| {{Anchor|groupandcolumn}}
| |
| | |
| Note that, whereas <nowiki>{{Reflist|15em|group="e"}}</nowiki> works as expected, <nowiki>{{Reflist|15em |group="e"}}</nowiki> (with an extra space) currently does not display in columns.
| |
| | |
| ==Perennial suggestions==
| |
| | |
| ;Collapsing and scrolling
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| There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or scrolling reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled to due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at [[MOS:SCROLL]]. Links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box.
| |
| | |
| To display the reference list in a scrollbox or collapsed per user, see [[Help:Reference display customization]].
| |
| | |
| For discussion on previous attempts to do this with a template, see the discussions for [[Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2007_June_11#Template:Scrollref|Scrollref]] and [[Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2010_May_26#Template:Refbox|Refbox]].
| |
| | |
| ;Including the section title
| |
| There have been suggestions to include section header markup such as <code>==References==</code>. This is inadvisable because:
| |
| * There is no standard section name; see [[WP:FNNR]].
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| * When transcluded, the article will have an edit link that will confusingly open the template for editing.
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| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]] – style guide for the citation of sources
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| * [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]] – templates for use with references
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| * {{tl|Refbegin}} and {{tl|Refend}} – format reference lists
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| | |
| Variants
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| * {{tl|Template reference list}} – version of reflist for use in templates
| |
| * {{tl|Reflist-talk}} – for use on talk pages
| |
| * {{tl|Notelist}} – for use with explanatory notes; sets {{para|group|lower-alpha}}
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| | |
| {{Reflist|refs=
| |
| <ref name=fontsize>See [[User:Edokter/fonttest]] for a comparison of font sizes for various browsers; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=fonttest+prefix%3AMediaWiki+talk%3ACommon.css%2F&fulltext=Search&ns0=1 previous discussions] on changing the font size to resolve the IE issue.</ref>
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|
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| <ref name=stuffandnonsense>{{cite web |accessdate=November 24, 2006 |date=December 30, 2005 |title=CSS3 Multi-Column Thriller |url=http://www.stuffandnonsense.co.uk/archives/css3_multi-column_thriller.html}}</ref>
| | | 1 = {{{1|}}} <!--Other docname, if fed--> |
|
| |
|
| <ref name=w3org1>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/ |title=CSS3 module: Multi-column layout |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] |date=December 15, 2005 |accessdate=November 24, 2006}}</ref> | | <!--The namespace is added in /end box2--> |
| | | template page = {{documentation/template page}} |
|
| |
|
| <ref name=msdn>{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc351024(VS.85).aspx#multicolumn |title=CSS Compatibility and Internet Explorer: Multi-column Layout |work=Microsoft Developer Network |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=March 16, 2011}}</ref> | | }}<!-- |
| }}<includeonly>
| | End of green doc box |
| | --><noinclude> |
|
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|
| [[Category:Citation templates]]
| | <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> |
| </includeonly> | | </noinclude> |